1 # bytes object   2  b = b"example"   3    4  # str object   5  s = "example"   6    7  # str to bytes   8  bytes(s, encoding = "utf8")   9   10  # bytes to str  11  str(b, encoding = "utf-8")  12   13  # an alternative method  14  # str to bytes  15  str.encode(s)  16   17  # bytes to str  18  bytes.decode(b)